After the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) is passed by Parliament, the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) has become law. Under the provisions of this law, the process of granting Indian citizenship to six religious minority communities from three neighboring countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan, has taken refuge in India.

The CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) or The CAB (the Citizenship Amendment Bill) has created a nationwide uproar. Those opposing it are calling it non-constitutional while the government says that not a single provision of it violates any part of the constitution in any way. At the same time, on the allegations of discrimination on the basis of religion through this law, the government says that it has nothing to do with an Indian citizen of any religion.

However, in the midst of these complications, demonstrations started across the country and in many places it took violent forms. In fact, many protesters feel that this law will snatch away their Indian citizenship, while the government has made it clear many times that the law is for granting citizenship and not for taking away citizenship. A large population does not know the difference between CAA and NRC properly.

The process of identifying the intruders living illegally in India through the NRC or National Citizen Register is to be completed. Now, this process took place only in Assam and the final list of NRC has been released there. In Assam, this process has been completed under the supervision of the Supreme Court. However, the government says that it will implement NRC across the country. The government has also clarified that the NRC framework applicable in the country will be different from the NRC norms of Assam.

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Q. What is CAA?

Under this citizenship amendment law, Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Parsis, Jains, and Buddhists who have been tortured from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Buddhists will be given citizenship of India.

Q. Why are there demonstrations about CAA/CAB?

There are two types of demonstrations about the CAB/CAA. The first demonstration is taking place in the North East which is about the implementation of this Act that people from outside India will come and settle in Assam, which threatens their culture. At the same time, except North East, the rest of India is demonstrating that it is non-constitutional. Rumors have spread among the protesters that this law could lead to their Indian citizenship being taken away.

Q. Which documents are valid under NRC?

Keep in mind that the NRC list has been prepared only in Assam. The provisions of the NRC that the government is talking of bringing all over the country are yet to be decided. The government will still have to travel long distances to bring this NRC. It will have to draft the NRC and get it passed by both houses of parliament. Then the NRC Act will come into existence after the President’s signature. However, he was given a place in the NRC list of Assam who proved that he or his ancestors had settled in India before 24 March 1971.

Q. Will CAA make a difference to Muslims in India?

The Ministry of Home Affairs has already made it clear that CAA has nothing to do with any citizen of any religion in India. It has a provision of giving citizenship of India to those non-Muslim people who have taken refuge in India after being victims of religious persecution in Pakistan, Bangladesh or Afghanistan. According to the law, the tortured religious minorities of these three countries who have come to India by 31 December 2014 will be given citizenship.

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