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Study: Carbonaceous chondrite impact responsible for lunar water

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Study: Carbonaceous chondrite impact responsible for lunar water

According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), a Chinese research team used data from the Chang’e-4 lunar probe to determine that a water-rich meteorite hit the moon about 1 million years ago.

Liu Yang of the National Space Science Center (NSSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told Xinhua that the impact is believed to be related to carbonaceous chondrites, a type of water-rich asteroid. Liu is the corresponding author of the study, which was published in the journal Natural Astronomy.

Carbonaceous chondrites are considered to be one of the oldest celestial bodies in the solar system, rich in water and organic matter. Scientists believe that they are probably related to the origin of life on Earth.

According to Liu, if a carbonaceous chondrite hits the moon, some of the water it carries may remain on the moon.

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A previous study showed that impacts are one of the main sources of water on the moon, as well as volcanic eruptions and solar wind.

On the ninth lunar day of the mission, the rover Yutu-2 of the Chang’e-4 probe encountered a small impact crater with a depth of 15 to 20 centimeters and performed detailed spectral measurements.

After analyzing the high-resolution remote sensing images and hyperspectral data of Yutu-2, the researchers identified the material around the center of the crater as the remnants of the impact of the carbonaceous chondrite.

Liu said that previous studies have found carbonaceous chondrite fragments in lunar samples brought back by the Apollo program, but this is the first time that carbonaceous chondrite impact residues have been directly observed on the lunar surface through remote sensing.

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The research team estimates that the impact event occurred as long as 1 million years ago-a short time period compared with the geological time scale since the formation of the moon, roughly equivalent to a few minutes ago in a person’s life.

Therefore, the team concluded that carbonaceous chondrite impacts are still providing water for the moon.

He said that Liu’s team is still using data from the Chinese Mars probe Tianwen-1 to study the ancient water environment of the red planet.

Complete News Source : CGTN

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Patterns of behaviour that emerge after trauma

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Patterns of behaviour that emerge after trauma

Trauma is a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that can leave a lasting impact on a person’s mental and emotional health. It can result from a range of events, such as natural disasters, accidents, physical or emotional abuse, or military combat. Trauma can have a significant effect on a person’s behavior and can manifest in various ways. Here are some patterns of behavior that often emerge after trauma:

  1. Hyperarousal: After experiencing trauma, a person may feel constantly on edge, with heightened levels of anxiety and tension. This can manifest as irritability, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping.
  2. Avoidance: Trauma can also cause a person to avoid situations, people, or places that remind them of the traumatic experience. This can lead to social withdrawal, isolation, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities.
  3. Emotional numbness: Trauma can cause a person to feel emotionally disconnected or numb, making it difficult for them to experience positive emotions such as joy or love.
  4. Hypervigilance: A person who has experienced trauma may be hyper-aware of their surroundings and perceive threats where none exist. This can lead to an increased sense of danger, which can trigger anxiety or panic attacks.
  5. Flashbacks: Trauma can cause a person to experience vivid and intrusive memories of the traumatic event. These flashbacks can be triggered by a range of stimuli, such as sights, sounds, or smells.
  6. Guilt and shame: Trauma can cause a person to experience feelings of guilt, shame, and self-blame. They may feel responsible for what happened to them, even when it was beyond their control.
  7. Substance abuse: Trauma can lead to the use of drugs or alcohol as a way of coping with difficult emotions. This can quickly become a self-destructive pattern of behavior that exacerbates the trauma.

It’s important to note that not everyone who experiences trauma will display all of these behaviors, and that each person’s response to trauma is unique. However, recognizing these patterns of behavior can help individuals and their loved ones identify when trauma may be a contributing factor to mental and emotional health challenges. Seeking professional support, such as therapy or counseling, can help individuals process their trauma and learn healthy coping mechanisms to manage their behavior.

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