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NASA Finds Evidence Confirming Water Flowed On Mars Longer Than Previously Thought

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3 years ago

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NASA Finds Evidence Confirming Water Flowed On Mars Longer Than Previously Thought

NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) found on Wednesday that water on the red planet is flowing for longer than previously thought.
NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) found Wednesday that water has been flowing on the red planet longer than previously thought. According to a blog post, MRO determined that water left salt minerals on the surface of Mars 2 billion years ago. NASA said the detection of the salinity signature was the first mineral evidence of the presence of liquid water in this desolate world.
It was previously thought that Mars’ water evaporated about 3 billion years ago. However, according to the blog, two scientists who have studied MRO data over the past 15 years have found evidence of a significantly shorter timeline. Their research revealed signs of liquid water on the Red Planet between 2 billion and 2.5 billion years ago, meaning it took the water to get there about a billion years longer than previously estimated.
“It’s amazing that, more than a decade after providing high-resolution imagery, stereo and infrared data, MRO has driven new discoveries about the nature and timing of these ancient salt ponds connected to the river,” said Ehlmann, CRISM’s vice-chancellor of investigators in a statement.

The research center’s findings found deposits of chloride salts left behind when icy meltwater flowing across the landscape evaporates. The salt deposits provide the first mineral evidence for the existence of liquid water, scientists say. Now, the discovery raises new questions about how long microbial life could have survived if it ever formed on Mars.
“The more planets we map, the better we understand”
The research was conducted by Ellen Leakk as part of her Ph.D. work at Caltech. According to the blog, Leakk used data from an MRO instrument called the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) to map chloride salts in the clay-rich highlands of Mars’ southern hemisphere terrain, which were pitted by impact craters. These craters are one of the keys to determining salt age, she explained: The fewer craters a terrain has, the younger it is. By counting the number of craters in an area of ​​the surface, researchers can estimate its age.

Scientists have found that much of the salt was once located in the depressions of shallow pools on gently sloping volcanic plains. In addition, they found meandering dry channels near former streams that once fed surface runoff (from occasional melting ice or permafrost) into these ponds.
“Part of the value of MRO is that over time, we get an increasingly detailed view of Earth,” said Leslie Tamppari, the mission’s JPL associate project scientist. “The more we map the Earth with instruments, the better we can learn about its history.”

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DTC to start electric buses from 3 Delhi ISBTs to Noida airport by May end

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2 weeks ago

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May 10, 2025

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DTC to start electric buses from 3 Delhi ISBTs to Noida airport by May end

The buses will start and currently serve Greater Noida and Jewar, even though the airport is probably not going to be operational by May By the end of May, the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) plans to begin operating electric buses from the Capital to the soon-to-be Noida International Airport (NIA) in Jewar, according to officials. The buses will begin at.

Delhi’s three Inter State Bus Terminals (ISBTs) — Maharana Pratap ISBT at Kashmere Gate, Swami Vivekanand ISBT at Anand Vihar, and Veer Hakikat Rai ISBT at Sarai Kale Khan — and currently serve Greater Noida and Jewar, even though the airport is probably not going to meet the May deadline to be operational The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is set to launch.

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Electric bus services connecting Delhi’s Inter-State Bus Terminals (ISBTs) to the upcoming Noida International Airport (NIA) in Jewar by the end of May 2025. This initiative aims to enhance connectivity between the national capital and the new airport, providing a March 2025, DTC and NIA signed operate thesesustainable and efficient mode transportation for.

Key Features of the Service

  • Routes and Terminals: The electric buses will operate from three major ISBTs in Delhi: Maharana Pratap ISBT at Kashmere Gate, Swami Vivekanand ISBT at Anand Vihar, and Veer Hakikat Rai ISBT at Sarai Kale Khan. Initially, these buses will serve areas in Greater Noida and Jewar, catering to the March 2025, DTC and NIA signed an MoU to operate these demand for public transport in these regions.
  • Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): In March 2025, DTC and NIA signed an MoU to operate these bus services, formalizing the collaboration between the two entities The fleet will consist of air-conditioned, low-floor electric buses equipped with modern amenities, including GPS tracking, CCTV cameras, panic buttons, and broad aisle spaces to accommodate luggage. These features aim to ensure.
  • Commuters passenger safety and comfort during transit While the exact fare amounts are yet to be finalized, discussions are ongoing in consultation with the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (Yeida), which manages the Jewar area. The authorities aim to establish a cost-effective fare structure for commuters The bus services will initially be deployed on a pilot basis. Depending demand.

Additional Considerations

  • Infrastructure Development: A four-kilometer stretch of road that will be part of the bus route is not fully developed yet. DTC has reached out to Yeida to ascertain the usability and development timeline of this segment to ensure seamless operations. and passenger feedback, routes may be adjusted, and the number of buses increased to better serve commuters this, the bus services will begin as scheduled.
  • Airport Operational Timeline: Although the NIA was expected to commence operations by mid-May 2025, it is likely to miss this deadline due to ongoing construction work. Despite this, the bus services will begin as scheduled, providing connectivity to the surrounding areas in the interim providing connectivity to the surrounding areas in the interi This initiative reflects DTC’s commitment to.
  • Enhancing public transportation infrastructure and promoting eco-friendly travel options in the National Capital Region. By introducing electric buses on this route, the corporation aims to offer a reliable and sustainable alternative for commuters traveling between Delhi and the upcoming Noida International The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is set to commence electric bus services.
  • connecting Delhi’s Inter-State Bus Terminals (ISBTs) to the upcoming Noida International Airport (NIA) in Jewar by the end of May 2025. This initiative aims to provide eco-friendly and convenient transportation options for commuters traveling between Delhi and the new airport NIA was expected to commence.
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