health and remedies
Hip fractures will double worldwide by 2050
A recent study headed by researchers at the University of Hong Kong found that osteoporotic hip fracture, currently a dangerous and disabling problem for senior people worldwide, is likely to get worse as people get older and weaker. The study’s findings underscore the need for more research, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures, particularly in men and adults over 85 years of age.
Associate Professor Ching-lung Cheung from the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy at the University of Hong Kong delivered the research presentation today at the annual meeting of the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research in Austin, Texas.
For patients 50 years of age and older who experienced hip fractures between 2005 and 2018, the study examined data from 19 nations. It was shown that an overall increase in the number of hip fractures was projected over time in 18 of the 19 countries. Hip fracture rates were projected for 2030 and 2050 using World Bank population estimates. By 2050, compared to 2018, hip fracture rates would likely double globally, with men having a larger proportional increase than women.
The study identified a few possible reasons for the gender gap. Although the majority of the countries had a decline in the occurrence of hip fractures during the research period, men experienced a smaller decline than women. Men are living longer as a result of advancements in healthcare, personal hygiene, diet, and other areas, while this is taking place. The average life expectancy for men will reach over 75 years by 2050, according to the United Nations, which is the age range where this study identified a significant risk of hip fracture. Researchers predict that as a result, more men will have a high risk of hip fracture.
Dr. Cheung claims that osteoporosis in men has similarly gone unrecognised and untreated for a very long time. In addition, men are 30% to 67% less likely than women to take anti-osteoporosis medications after sustaining a hip fracture, according to our study, he continued. Therefore, prevention and treatment of male hip fractures need to receive more attention.
Previous research on the frequency of hip fractures was based on outdated information from several study methodologies and historical periods. This study examined the most recent secular changes in hip fracture incidence, mortality, and post-fracture pharmacological therapy across 19 different countries.
A common protocol and data model were employed to offer similar data across all sites. Using age- and sex-standardized data, the annual incidence of hip fracture, death, and rates of pharmaceutical therapy were calculated.
By doing descriptive analyses on healthcare data at the patient level, the researchers were able to identify substantial differences among the 19 nations they examined. 180 hip fractures per 100,000 individuals were estimated to occur globally, accounting for age and sex (Women 236; Men 118). The annual change in the incidence of hip fractures, however, varied from -2.8% to +2.1% on average. Hong Kong (2.4%), Singapore (2.8%), and Denmark (2.8%) saw the highest decreases in fractures.
The highest gains were seen in South Korea (+1.2%) and the Netherlands (+2.1%). The range of annual death trends was 5.3% to +18.4%, with Australia (5.3%), the Netherlands (4.6%), and Singapore (4.3%) seeing the largest drops. The range of one-year all-cause mortality was 14.4% to 28.3%. Within a year after the fracture, 11.5% to 50.3% of hip fracture patients received an anti-osteoporosis medication, with yearly trends varying from 9.6% to +12.7% and decreasing in 6 of 15 locations.
According to co-author and research assistant professor Chor Wing Sing, additional in-depth research is required to ascertain the reasons for the observed variation among nations. The expert speculates that some countries’ comparatively significant declines in hip fractures may be due to improved osteoporosis treatment and post-fracture care. Improvements in fall prevention programmes and more exact clinical care standards probably played a role. According to Dr. Sing, an increase in bone mineral density, or BMD, as a result of people’s greater awareness of bone health, may also have been beneficial. She cited research showing that women over 50 had started becoming more active and engaging in more weight-bearing activity, which had led to one of the biggest decreases in hip fractures in Hong Kong.
The authors of the current study state that the reduction in hip fractures that has happened in many countries in recent years cannot totally offset the effects of the ageing population. Hip fractures are predicted to increase in frequency. However, many countries still lack adequate post-fracture treatment. The incidence of hip fracture in people over 85 (the “oldest old”) continues to be more than double that of other age groups, despite the fact that post-fracture care in this population is often conservative. A bigger and better coordinated effort will be needed from healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers to prevent hip fractures, close the treatment gap, and improve post-fracture care, especially in men and the elderly. In the entire planet, there is an urgent need for this.
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health and remedies
How to stay fit during Diwali 2024: Diet tips, easy workouts, tricks to manage stress during the festive season
Staying on track with your fitness goals during Diwali season can be challenging. These expert-recommended tips can help you stay active amid the festivities.
Diwali 2024: How can you stop feeling bloated, tired, and stressed out during the festive season? What should you eat at Diwali parties? How can you stay fit and look your best? If you, too, are wondering how to stay healthy during the festive season and control your calorie intake while also eating and doing what you want, you have come to the right place. Also read | Dussehra to Diwali holiday health tips: Stress management during the festive rush
Even the most disciplined people can find it difficult to stick to their health routines during the festive season. But you can make things different this year. All that eating and socialising does not have to set you back on your fitness goals.
To help keep you on track, we’ve enlisted the aid of leading experts in health, fitness and nutrition for some much-needed advice. If you tend to get a little anxious around the festive season, don’t miss these simple tips and tricks to follow:
Nutrition and diet tips for Diwali festivities
Payal Kothari, nutritionist and author of The Gut, has shared with HT Lifestyle her tips on how to enjoy Diwali parties without compromising gut health. She says, “The festive season is filled with irresistible treats and family gatherings, but it doesn’t mean you have to compromise on your health goals.”
She suggests opting for healthier alternatives without missing out on the joy of eating; but the key word there is balance. “Choose nutrient-dense snacks like roasted nuts, baked samosas, and fresh fruit platters over fried foods. Moderation is key — enjoy your sweets, but keep portion sizes in check,” Payal says.
Dr Kiran Soni, head of the department of Nutrition and Health at Yatharth Hospitals Greater Noida, adds that to maintain health and fitness during Diwali, you should focus on portion control rather than completely rejecting your favourite dishes.
“Fill your plate primarily with vegetables and lean proteins, leaving smaller portions for sweets and fried items. Stay hydrated; when attending parties, eat a small protein-rich snack beforehand to avoid overindulging,” she says.
Another one of your non-negotiables this festive season should be staying hydrated. Payal says, “Focus on staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, and infused water to flush out toxins and curb overeating. Drink soup at home if you can, and then head out, or eat a small protein meal before heading out.”
Easy workouts to fit into your festive schedule
It’s not easy to fit in your workouts during the festive season, but even if exercise isn’t quite your top priority during the month of October, you can still move to stay active. Dr Soni says, “Maintaining physical activity is crucial during the festive season. Aim for short, high-intensity workouts when time is limited. Consider morning yoga or stretching sessions to energize your day. Take walks after heavy meals to aid digestion and burn calories.”
Payal recommends short, effective workouts, such as a 15-20-minute HIIT session, 20-30 burpees yoga stretches, or even a brisk walk. She says, “If you’re attending family gatherings or parties, use the opportunity to stay active—dance during celebrations. Being the first one to initiate the moves on the dance floor can help digest the extra food and burn those calories. Or go for a walk with your loved ones. Even 10 minutes of stretching in the morning can improve your energy levels and help you feel your best.”
How to manage stress during the festive season
Diwali season can bring a lot of stress and strain on your mental health, ranging from mild annoyances to the types of anxieties that keep you up at night. And as you probably know, exercise is a great way to relieve all of that. Another truth: what you eat matters too.
Payal suggests adding mood-boosting and stress-relieving foods to your diet, like dark leafy greens, almonds, and foods rich in Omega-3s, such as chia seeds and flaxseeds. She says, “Soups are great for gut-brain health.”
Dr Soni adds, “Managing stress is essential for overall well-being during busy festive periods. Incorporate stress-reducing foods into your diet, such as foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds), complex carbohydrates (whole grains, vegetables), and magnesium-rich foods (leafy greens, legumes). Prioritise sleep and maintain a consistent sleep schedule as much as possible.”
Other coping mechanisms? “Practise mindfulness by incorporating short meditation or deep breathing exercises into your day, even if it’s just for five minutes. Prioritise quality sleep, and try to set aside a few moments of ‘me time’ to recharge. By making these small adjustments, you can enjoy the festivities guilt-free while maintaining a balance between health and celebration,” Payal says.
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