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Explained: Why Tonga volcano eruption was so big and what’s next

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Explained: Why Tonga volcano eruption was so big and what’s next

People around the world watched in awe at satellite images of spectacular underwater volcanoes erupting in giant mushroom clouds in the Pacific Ocean. Many wondered why the explosion was so large, how the resulting tsunami traveled so far, and what happened next. Shane Cronin, a New Zealand scientist and professor of volcanology at the University of Auckland, and Emily Lane, a tsunami expert at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, helped explain. explosive but brief

Saturday’s eruption was incredibly explosive, but also relatively short-lived. The plume rose more than 30 kilometers (19 miles) into the air, but the eruption only lasted about 10 minutes, unlike some larger eruptions that can last for hours. Cronin said Hunga Tonga’s Hungaha Apai eruption was one of the largest in the world in the past 30 years, with heights of ash, steam and gas comparable to the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Philippines, killing hundreds.

Why is it so big?

The magma inside the volcano is under enormous pressure and contains gas. Cracks in the rock can cause a sudden drop in pressure that expands the gas and blasts the magma. Cronin said the crater is located about 200 meters (650 feet) below the surface of the sea, a kind of Goldilocks depth for a big bang, where sea water pours into the volcano and turns into steam immediately, adding to the explosion’s rapid expansion and energy. Anything Both deeper and extra water pressure will help control the eruption. Farflung Tsunami

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To the surprise of many scientists, a single eruption could have produced a Pacific tsunami of about 1 meter (3 feet) that destroyed ships in New Zealand and caused an oil spill and two drownings in Peru. Oceanwide tsunamis are typically triggered by earthquakes that span large areas, rather than a single volcano, essentially a small point in the ocean, Lane said. She said there may be other factors at play, such as the collapse of the volcano’s underwater flank and displacing water. One interesting theory, she said, is that a shock wave, or sonic boom, from the volcano, which circled the world twice, may have injected more energy into the tsunami wave.

Complete News Source : Hindustan Times

Hollywood

Review of the spy thriller “Heart of Stone”: Alia Bhatt shines.

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Review of the spy thriller “Heart of Stone”: Alia Bhatt shines.

In a realm where intrigue and suspense collide, Bollywood’s beloved star Alia Bhatt has once again proven her mettle in the enthralling spy thriller “Heart of Stone.” Directed by the visionary Raj Mehta, this cinematic marvel takes audiences on a roller-coaster ride through espionage, deception, and unrelenting action, with Bhatt’s luminous performance at its epicenter.

A Glimpse into the Plot

“Heart of Stone” delves into the shadowy world of espionage, where nothing is as it seems, and allegiances can crumble in an instant. Bhatt’s character, Maya Verma, is a compelling enigma—a resolute intelligence operative navigating a labyrinth of covert operations and intricate deceptions. As the layers of the narrative peel away, Maya finds herself ensnared in a high-stakes game where trust is elusive and danger lurks in every frame.

The Resplendent Alia Bhatt

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Alia Bhatt’s portrayal of Maya Verma is nothing short of a revelation. Known for her remarkable versatility, Bhatt imbues Maya with a potent mix of strength and vulnerability. With every expression, every gesture, she breathes life into a character that resonates on both emotional and cerebral levels. Bhatt’s artistry reaches its zenith as Maya grapples with inner demons while outwitting her adversaries—a captivating dance that only an actress of her caliber could orchestrate.

Raj Mehta’s Directorial Panache

Raj Mehta, celebrated for his directorial finesse, orchestrates the tapestry of “Heart of Stone” with masterful precision. Seamlessly weaving heart-thumping action sequences and labyrinthine plot twists, Mehta keeps the audience on the edge of their seats. His meticulous attention to detail manifests in every scene, painting a cinematic canvas that’s as thrilling as it is visually arresting.

Supporting Cast: A Tapestry of Brilliance

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The constellation of talent in “Heart of Stone” goes beyond Alia Bhatt. The ensemble cast, featuring Rajkummar Rao, Aditi Rao Hydari, and Vicky Kaushal, contributes to the film’s tapestry with their impeccable performances. The chemistry between the characters adds depth to the narrative, amplifying the emotional resonance and enriching the overall storytelling.

A Symphony of Cinematic Excellence

“Heart of Stone” is an embodiment of cinematic finesse. The film’s production values, from picturesque locations to evocative cinematography, envelop the viewer in a sensory feast. The musical score, composed with an acute understanding of the narrative’s ebbs and flows, elevates the tension and emotions, further ensnaring the audience in the movie’s spellbinding aura.

A Triumph of Genre Fusion

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Critics and audiences alike have bestowed “Heart of Stone” with effusive praise for its seamless fusion of espionage, action, and drama. The film’s ingenious plot twists, coupled with Alia Bhatt’s extraordinary performance, thrust it into the echelons of standout espionage thrillers. It’s a symphony of storytelling that resonates long after the credits roll.

In a year replete with cinematic treasures, “Heart of Stone” stands tall as an embodiment of brilliance. Alia Bhatt’s luminosity shines with unparalleled intensity, solidifying her place as one of Bollywood’s brightest stars. This cinematic tour de force is a must-watch, an experience that unearths the magic created when remarkable talent converges to craft an indelible cinematic journey.

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