Connect with us

health and remedies

Study finds antibiotics after birth affects gut microbes of babies

Published

on

Study finds antibiotics after birth affects gut microbes of babies

Treating newborns with antibiotics is associated with fewer healthy bacteria needed to digest milk, a new study finds.
The results were published in the journal Nature Communications.

Clinicians should consider using antibiotics in a way that causes the least damage to the newborn’s microbiome, the community of microbes that live in our bodies, experts say.

According to current guidelines, between 4% and 10% of all newborns with suspected infection are currently prescribed antibiotics that target multiple bacteria — so-called broad-spectrum antibiotics.
However, experts say antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary in most cases because only a small percentage of people who receive the drugs end up being diagnosed with the infection.

This overprescribing is designed to ensure early treatment for those who are eventually found to be infected, as any delay could quickly become life-threatening.
Researchers from the Universities of Edinburgh and Birmingham, Spaarne Hospital and Utrecht University Hospital in the Netherlands conducted a clinical study involving 227 infants to analyse how antibiotics affect the newborn’s microbiome.

Advertisement

About 147 infants with suspected sepsis received one of three standard antibiotic regimens. Their results were compared with those of 80 infants who had no suspected infection and who were not taking antibiotics.

Rectal or stool samples were collected from all infants before and after treatment and at 1, 4, and 12 months of age. The microbes that make up the newly formed microbiome and bacterial genes associated with antibiotic resistance in the samples were analyzed.

Significantly lower levels of various bifidobacteria were found in neonates prescribed antibiotics compared with infants who did not receive antibiotics.

These microbes help digest human breast milk and promote gut health, while supporting the immune system to fight infection.

Advertisement

The team also found an increase in the number and abundance of potentially disease-causing bacteria and genes associated with antimicrobial resistance in people treated with antibiotics.

After treatment, 251 of the 695 different bacteria examined changed, thereby altering the balance between good and bad bacteria in favor of potentially more harmful microbes.

Although they recovered over time, the changes in the microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes persisted for at least 12 months and did not improve with breastfeeding, which is known to support infants’ immune systems.

Professor Debbie Bogart, Chair of Paediatric Medicine at the University of Edinburgh and head of the study, said: “We were surprised by the magnitude and duration of the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the infant microbiome compared to the effect of the same antibiotic on the infant microbiome. The adult microbiome. This may be because antibiotic treatment occurs when infants are just getting their first microbes from their mothers and have yet to develop a resilient microbiome.”
Of the three antibiotic regimens tested, the combination of penicillin and gentamicin had the least adverse effect on the infant gut microbiome and the number of emerging antimicrobial resistance genes.

Advertisement

The researchers concluded that this particular combination of antibiotics is best used to treat suspected infections in newborns.

Dr Marlies van Houten, a paediatrician at Spaarne Hospital in the Netherlands and co-principal investigator of the study, said: “The fact that the initiation of antibiotic treatment appears to be the cause of the microbiome damage, rather than the duration, underscores our need for better biomarkers. or biological predictors to more accurately determine which children will develop an infection, and therefore require antibiotics, and which will not.”

Professor Willem van Schaik, Professor of Microbiology and Infections at the University of Birmingham, said: “It is particularly concerning that we observed two important multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella and Enterococcus in neonates treated with antibiotics. Drug pathogens have increased substantially.

“This underlines the importance of further studies into balancing the need and effectiveness of these antibiotics and the risk of the emergence of genes linked with resistance. There may also be scope to develop new interventions, like live biotherapeutics – a treatment that is produced by or involving living cells – to effectively restore the composition of the infant gut microbiome after antibiotic therapy.”

Advertisement

Complete News Source : HINDUSTAN TIMES

health and remedies

How to stay fit during Diwali 2024: Diet tips, easy workouts, tricks to manage stress during the festive season

Published

on

By

How to stay fit during Diwali 2024: Diet tips, easy workouts, tricks to manage stress during the festive season

Staying on track with your fitness goals during Diwali season can be challenging. These expert-recommended tips can help you stay active amid the festivities.

Diwali 2024: How can you stop feeling bloated, tired, and stressed out during the festive season? What should you eat at Diwali parties? How can you stay fit and look your best? If you, too, are wondering how to stay healthy during the festive season and control your calorie intake while also eating and doing what you want, you have come to the right place. Also read | Dussehra to Diwali holiday health tips: Stress management during the festive rush

Even the most disciplined people can find it difficult to stick to their health routines during the festive season. But you can make things different this year. All that eating and socialising does not have to set you back on your fitness goals. 

To help keep you on track, we’ve enlisted the aid of leading experts in health, fitness and nutrition for some much-needed advice. If you tend to get a little anxious around the festive season, don’t miss these simple tips and tricks to follow:

Advertisement

Nutrition and diet tips for Diwali festivities

Payal Kothari, nutritionist and author of The Gut, has shared with HT Lifestyle her tips on how to enjoy Diwali parties without compromising gut health. She says, “The festive season is filled with irresistible treats and family gatherings, but it doesn’t mean you have to compromise on your health goals.”

She suggests opting for healthier alternatives without missing out on the joy of eating; but the key word there is balance. “Choose nutrient-dense snacks like roasted nuts, baked samosas, and fresh fruit platters over fried foods. Moderation is key — enjoy your sweets, but keep portion sizes in check,” Payal says.

Dr Kiran Soni, head of the department of Nutrition and Health at Yatharth Hospitals Greater Noida, adds that to maintain health and fitness during Diwali, you should focus on portion control rather than completely rejecting your favourite dishes.

Advertisement

“Fill your plate primarily with vegetables and lean proteins, leaving smaller portions for sweets and fried items. Stay hydrated; when attending parties, eat a small protein-rich snack beforehand to avoid overindulging,” she says.

Another one of your non-negotiables this festive season should be staying hydrated. Payal says, “Focus on staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, and infused water to flush out toxins and curb overeating. Drink soup at home if you can, and then head out, or eat a small protein meal before heading out.”

Easy workouts to fit into your festive schedule

It’s not easy to fit in your workouts during the festive season, but even if exercise isn’t quite your top priority during the month of October, you can still move to stay active. Dr Soni says, “Maintaining physical activity is crucial during the festive season. Aim for short, high-intensity workouts when time is limited. Consider morning yoga or stretching sessions to energize your day. Take walks after heavy meals to aid digestion and burn calories.”

Advertisement

Payal recommends short, effective workouts, such as a 15-20-minute HIIT session, 20-30 burpees yoga stretches, or even a brisk walk. She says, “If you’re attending family gatherings or parties, use the opportunity to stay active—dance during celebrations. Being the first one to initiate the moves on the dance floor can help digest the extra food and burn those calories. Or go for a walk with your loved ones. Even 10 minutes of stretching in the morning can improve your energy levels and help you feel your best.”

How to manage stress during the festive season

Diwali season can bring a lot of stress and strain on your mental health, ranging from mild annoyances to the types of anxieties that keep you up at night. And as you probably know, exercise is a great way to relieve all of that. Another truth: what you eat matters too.

Payal suggests adding mood-boosting and stress-relieving foods to your diet, like dark leafy greens, almonds, and foods rich in Omega-3s, such as chia seeds and flaxseeds. She says, “Soups are great for gut-brain health.”

Advertisement

Dr Soni adds, “Managing stress is essential for overall well-being during busy festive periods. Incorporate stress-reducing foods into your diet, such as foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds), complex carbohydrates (whole grains, vegetables), and magnesium-rich foods (leafy greens, legumes). Prioritise sleep and maintain a consistent sleep schedule as much as possible.”

Other coping mechanisms? “Practise mindfulness by incorporating short meditation or deep breathing exercises into your day, even if it’s just for five minutes. Prioritise quality sleep, and try to set aside a few moments of ‘me time’ to recharge. By making these small adjustments, you can enjoy the festivities guilt-free while maintaining a balance between health and celebration,” Payal says.

Group Media Publications
Entertainment News Platforms – anyflix.in      
Construction Infrastructure and Mining News Platform – https://cimreviews.com/
General News Platform – https://ihtlive.com/

Advertisement
Continue Reading
Anyskill-ads

Facebook

Trending